One of the primary issues facing farmers is getting a good wheat crop. If in past years the fields of central Russia and the northern regions were preferred to be sown with spring wheat, in recent decades, due to the abundance of natural disasters, the question arose of the use of winter varieties that do not react so sharply to unexpected frosts and are resistant to pests and diseases.

Characteristics of winter wheat

Winter wheat differs from spring wheat in that it is sown in soil in late August - early September. Those who watched the early sprouts of winter wheat know what a magical sight it is to see bright, juicy greens under the dense snow that has just come down.Wheat that is sown under snow has excellent characteristics and adaptive abilities. So, winter varieties are highly resistant to frost, snow, as well as to lodging the stem and shedding of grain. At the same time, modern winter crops are loved by farmers for their high productivity, which makes them more and more popular every year.

Did you know? Wheat is cereal that was one of the first to be seen and domesticated by humans. The inhabitants of the Middle East began to cultivate the plant first. According to historians, the beginning of the cultivation of cereals occurs in the XIII century BC.

Common winter wheat varieties

Currently, scientists have developed varieties of winter crops, focused on the characteristics of the region in which they will be grown. So, one of the most popular varieties that are grown in the Lower Volga and Ural regions is Novoershovskaya wheat. The yield of this crop is 44 kg / ha. The culture is drought-resistant and tolerates frosts, and also has an enviable resistance to common pathogenic bacteria and pests. Grains Novoershovskaya ovoid, red, medium size. The culture belongs to the middle. It has excellent baking properties.One of the strongest instances, recommended by scientists for cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory, as well as in other southern regions of the country, is the variety Svarog. This cereal belongs to mid-season, it is moderately resistant to fungal diseases and tolerates drought well. It is resistant to lodging. It is winter-hardy enough, which allows it to tolerate sharp temperature fluctuations for the southern regions. It is distinguished by high yield characteristics, an average of 55 c / ha. It has very good baking properties.If we talk about representatives of winter wheat, suitable for cultivation in the central regions of the country, in which case the Sineva variety is perfect. This is a medium-late crop with a thickened stem, growing up to 1 m in height. The plant has round large grains of red color. The average cereal yield is 65.5 c / ha. Blue has a good immunity to diseases, including dangerous fungal infections.For farmers of the North Caucasus region of Russia, experts brought out winter wheat Duplet. This is a medium-sized plant, reaching a height of 1 m, resistant to lodging of the stem and shedding of grains. Grain refers to medium-late and has a high yield - you can potentially count on a yield of 100 centners per 1 hectare. In addition, it is immune to most diseases, as well as to cold and arid weather. The doublet has excellent baking qualities. The grain of this crop is elongated, red, medium in size.Winter wheat with the simple name Vanya Recommended by scientists for cultivation in the Central regions of Russia, as well as in the North Caucasus and the Lower Volga region of the country. High-yielding culture - on average, you can count on the collection of 82 centners of wheat per hectare. Among other things, Vanya is resistant to diseases, viruses and frosts. Also, the cereal has good drought tolerance. The grains of the plant are ovoid, slightly elongated, red, medium size.Dwarf variety of winter culture with the fabulous name Cinderella Scientists advise growing in the Central Black Earth region of the country. Cinderella is resistant to lodging, as well as high productivity. Under optimal growing conditions, the yield is 92 c / ha. Grain is very winter-resistant and is able to stay under a dense crust of ice for up to 70 days. In addition, even severe frosts in late spring, when the culture forms the stem, are not afraid of Cinderella. Grains of the egg-shaped culture, medium size. She has a good immunity to diseases.For cultivation in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the country, a variety of winter wheat Torrill is well suited.. This wheat has excellent frost and heat resistant qualities, as well as good immunity to most typical diseases. Its productivity is 100-110 centners per hectare. With regard to the timing of the harvest, then Torrid is classified as mid-season.A popular winter wheat variety recommended for cultivation in regions with difficult and adverse climatic conditions, is Severodonetsk Yubileynaya. This mid-early winter cereal is characterized by high frost resistance, as well as resistance to heat and drought. In addition, the culture has a high immunity to diseases and responds well to fertilizers. It is possible that it is not as high-yielding as the rest (the average yield is about 50 kg / ha), but it is notable for its rare stability and also tolerates the late sowing season.Winter variety Pearl of the Volga region Bred specifically for cultivation in the Saratov and Volgograd regions. Productivity - about 40 centners per hectare. Specialists attribute the variety to mid-season and drought tolerant, but note its sensitivity to pathogens. It has good baking qualities.For cultivation in the Tula region, experts recommend winter wheat variety Nemchinovskaya 57. This plant does not have a high yield, it is 34 kg / ha, however, it has good resistance to common cereal diseases. The only disease that can kill cereal is snow mold. Of the pluses - the plant is quite drought tolerant and not prone to lodging.In the Rostov region, the variety Boyarynya is widely used. The average yield of Boyaryn is 48 kg / ha. Grain is resistant to lodging and endowed with good winter and drought tolerance. In addition, this wheat is rarely affected by the most common pathogenic bacteria among cereals. Experts recommend it for cultivation in black steam.In the Republic of Adygea, the Kursk region, in the north and south of the Krasnodar Territory, as well as in the south of the Rostov Region, they are very popular mid-season winter grass Soberbash. It has excellent baking qualities and is also resistant to disease. Its average yield is about 60 centners per hectare. Among other things, it is characterized by drought tolerance and tolerates moderate frosts.In Moscow and Tula regions, winter wheat with a talking name is most often grown. Moscow 56. The yield of the variety is 32 kg / ha. The cereal is quite frost-resistant and is known for its good baking qualities. This wheat is rarely affected by common diseases, but is very sensitive to snow mold.In the North Caucasus and the Lower Volga one of the favorite among farmers is the variety Doneko. This is medium early wheat, which is distinguished by average winter hardiness and good drought tolerance. It is grown for its excellent baking qualities, and is also valued for its resistance to disease. On average, the yield of this crop is about 47 centners per hectare.In the Azov region and in the south of the Rostov region, farmers often sow mid-early winter wheat variety Aksinya. The yield of this variety is very good and amounts to 53 kg / ha. The culture is known for its excellent baking qualities and is recommended by specialists for cultivation on black steam.In addition, for cultivation on black steam in the Rostov region and in the North Caucasus region, agricultural technicians often use medium-tall Antonina variety. The average yield of wheat is 40 kg / ha. Antonina is resistant to lodging and shedding, to drought and frost. The variety also has good immunity to common fungal diseases of cereals. It has excellent baking qualities.In the Stavropol Territory very popular winter variety Zustrich. This wheat, bred by Ukrainian scientists, is very drought-resistant and tolerates lodging well. In addition, the plant is moderately susceptible to fungal diseases and has a good yield of 45 kg / ha.Another variety of culture popular in the North Caucasus region is Duchess Olga. This low-growing plant is resistant to lodging of the stem, and is also characterized by increased frost and drought resistance. Among other things, cereal has high baking qualities and immunity to pathogenic bacteria.For planting in black steam in the Rostov region, scientists recommend the use of wheat Lira Augustine. The culture has excellent heat resistance and is not prone to lodging. In addition, it is quite resistant to disease, but susceptible to Fusarium and smut. It has a good yield - about 40 kg / ha.In recent years, in the Central Black Earth, as well as in the central regions of Russia well established winter wheat variety Stork. This crop brings about 70 kg / ha, and is known for its excellent resistance to disease and lodging.

Soft

Specialists divide winter varieties into two categories - soft and hard. So, soft ones are created for cultivation in a humid climate.

Their main features:

• thin stem walls;
• glassy powdery grains;
• the color of the grain is from dark brown to powdery white.

Important! With all its ability to tolerate even the most severe frosts, winter wheat reacts negatively to temperatures above + 30 ° C. In this case, the plant stops growing and may even lose weight.

The following varieties are most popular among domestic farmers:

• Krasa Dona;
• Bezostaya 100;
• Lilith;
• Arsenal;
• Donmir;
• Crown.

Flour from cereals of soft grades turns out to be very thin and dusty, characterized by excellent friability. It is widely used in baking bakery products and sweets.

Solid

Hard wheat varieties in Russia are not as popular as in Europe. Perhaps this is due to the culture and mentality of the population. However, among farmers they still have a great demand. They are grown in a drier climate than mild.

Important! Before sowing, winter wheat grains need to be hardened.

The following features distinguish these plants:

• stems with thick walls;
• small and hard grains, tinted.

The following varieties are especially common on the fields of Russia:

• Aftermath;
• Black stalk;
• Bezenchukskaya;
• Garnovka;
• Kubanka.

Flour from such varieties turns out to be fine-grained and contains a large amount of gluten. This indispensable quality of durum wheat flour is widely used, for example, in Italy, in the production of pasta.

The best frost-resistant varieties

Given the huge size of the territory of Russia and the difficult climatic conditions of most regions, you need to know about the most frost-resistant varieties of winter crops. The most resistant varieties of cereals to winter weather are experts call those that were bred by Ukrainian scientists. This is Kharkiv 96, Kharkiv 105, Kharus, Vasilina. In addition, the high-yielding Kuyalnik variety is well established. Good winter hardiness is distinguished by Podolyanka, as well as the Favorite.

Did you know? The museum, located in the capital of Ecuador, Quito, holds a relic — clay pot in which the first wheat bush was brought to the continent.

Features varieties of Krasnodar and Stavropol breeding

For many years now, the leading institutes in the development of high-yielding and resistant to environmental conditions varieties of winter wheat have been held by research institutes in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories. Cereals bred by their breeders are distinguished by high agrotechnical qualities and baking properties, which scientists are working to improve every day. So, in recent years, scientists have developed new varieties such as FIB, Bosmina and Bagryanitsa.FIB has a good yield, which averages 60 kg / ha, and a gluten and protein content of at least 10%. In addition, the culture is distinguished by good resistance to fungal diseases, as well as endurance in frost and drought compared to others. Bosmin brings an average of 55 c / ha and is recommended for cultivation on soils with high salt content. Grain variety Bagryanitsa belongs to class 1 cereals due to its high protein and gluten content and resistance to fungal diseases.Perhaps, in no country in the world is wheat valued as much as in Russia. Despite all the natural disasters and difficulties, breeders manage to breed more and more varieties that have a kind of flexibility and are able to adapt to new circumstances. Farmers can only take into account the recommendations of specialists and choose the type of cereal for cultivation in their region that will yield a good harvest and will be resistant to the conditions of a particular region.